COMPREHENSIVEASSESSMENT OF THEA MIXED METHODSSTUDYPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized© 2023 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.orgThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@ worldbank.org.COMPREHENSIVEASSESSMENT OF THEA MIXED METHODSSTUDYACKNOWLEDGEMENTS1 https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/mashreq-gender-facilityThis Report was prepared by a World Bank – International Finance Cooperation team led by Angela Elzir Assy that included Paola Buitrago Hernandez, Marilia Magalhaes, Lama Abou Char, Rhea Jabbour, Tamara Azar and Yasmine Ossaily. Field work and survey implementation was conducted by Statistics Lebanon and complemented with updated data from nurseries collected by Yara Abou Jaoude and Lara Atallah from the World Bank. The publication benefited from peer review comments from Lourdes Rodriguez Chamussy, Amanda Devercelli, and S Anukriti, and additional contributions from Jonna Maria Lundvall. The team would like to thank Cynthia Yammine for invaluable administrative support in the process, translator Nayla Younes, and editor Burton Bollag. The design of the report was developed by Sarah Alameddine. The work was conducted under the general guidance of the Mashreq Country Director, Jean-Christophe Carret; the Poverty and Equity Global Practice Managers Johannes Hoogeveen and Alan Fuchs; and the Lebanon Country Operations Officer Mouna Couzi.The team is grateful for the support and feedback received from Ms. Pamela Zgheib, head of the Mother and Child Department at the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH); as well as from the National Commission for Lebanese Women (NCLW): Claudine Aoun, President, and Jad Najem, head of the Committee on Economy, Labo...