Edited by Subhasis Bera, Yixin Yao, Amitendu Palit, and Dil B. RahutASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INSTITUTEDIGITAL TRANSFORMATION FOR INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ASIAASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INSTITUTEDigital Transformation for Inclusive and Sustainable Development in AsiaEdited by Subhasis Bera, Yixin Yao, Amitendu Palit, and Dil B. RahutInstitute of South Asian Studies© 2023 Asian Development Bank Institute All rights reserved.ISBN 978-4-89974-299-9 (Print) ISBN 978-4-89974-300-2 (PDF)DOI: https://doi.org/10.56506/HSDC4319The views in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), its Advisory Council, ADB’s Board or Governors, or the governments of ADB members. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. ADBI uses proper ADB member names and abbreviations throughout and any variation or inaccuracy, including in citations and references, should be read as referring to the correct name. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “recognize,” “country,” or other geographical names in this publication, ADBI does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works without the express, written consent of ADBI. ADB recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China; and “Korea” as the Republic of Korea.Note: In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars. Asian Development Bank Institute Kasumigaseki Building 8F 3-2-5, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-6008, Japan www.adbi.org iiiContentsTables and Figures vAbbreviations viiiContributors xAcknowledgments xiiiIntroduction: Navigating the Digital Divide— Connectivity, Inclusion, and Progress in Asia and the Pacific xivSubhasis Bera, Dil Rahut, Amitendu Palit, and Yixin YaoPART I: Bridging the Digital Divide1. Inequality and Access to Mobile Data 1 Jonathan Brewer and Yoonee Jeong2. Digital Divide Among Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises: What Can We Learn from Household Enterprises? 29 Eisha Maghfiruha Rachbini, Ariyo Dharma Pahla Irhamna, and Syifa Rifa Rosyadah3. Incentivising Corporate Actors for Digital Inclusion: Options for Tech Companies’ Accountability to Narrow Digital Divide 54 Dio Herdiawan TobingPART II: Digital Transformation for Sustainability4. Twinning Digital Transformation (Dx) and Green Transformation (Gx) towards Sustainable Development in Asia and the Pacific 77 Joni Jupesta, Keigo Akimoto, Kirsten Halsnaes, Fatima Denton, Fei Teng, Felix Creutzig, and Antonethe Castaneda5. Digital Infrastructure and Student Enrollment: Experiences of the Post-pandemic Scenario in Indian States 99 Krishna Nair J. and Pulak Mishraiv ContentsPART ...
