DJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIHuman Capital ReviewPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized2 DJIBOUTI | Human Capital ReviewDJIBOUTIHuman Capital Review© 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.orgThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.orgDesign: Jihane El Khoury RoedereriiiCONTENTSABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS VIACKNOWLEDGMENTS VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IXI. COUNTRY CONTEXT IXII. STATUS OF KEY HUMAN CAPITAL OUTCOMES IN DJIBOUTI XIIII. DJIBOUTI’S HUMAN CAPITAL INDEX XIICHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1I. COUNTRY CONTEXT 1II. OVERARCHING BOTTLENECKS OF HUMAN CAPITAL OUTCOMES 4III. REPORT ORGANIZATION 8CHAPTER 2: HUMAN CAPITAL INDEX 11I. COMPONENT 1: CHILD SURVIVAL 12II. COMPONENT 2: SCHOOLING 14III. COMPONENT 3: HEALTH 16IV. IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON HUMAN CAPITAL IN DJIBOUTI 19CHAPTER 3: EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT 21I. GLOBAL IMPORTANCE OF ECD IN HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION 21II. STATUS OF ECD IN DJIBOUTI 23III. CONSTRAINTS ON ECD 33IV. RECOMMENDATIONS ON HOW TO EXPAND GOOD-QUALITY ECD 34CHAPTER 4: ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 37I. ADOLESCENCE: KEY LIFECYCLE TRANSITION PHASE 37II. ADOLESCENT TRANSITIONS 39III. TRANSITIONS TO MARRIAGE AND REPRODUCTION 42IV. EFFECT OF POOR MATERNAL HEALTH ON ADOLESCENT GIRLS 43V. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 49CHAPTER 5...
